System for refining cognitive insights using travel-related cognitive graph vectors

ABSTRACT

A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for using travel-related cognitive graph vectors.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of and claims a benefit of priorityunder 35 U.S.C. 120 of the filing date of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/733,248, filed Jun. 8, 2015, entitled “SYSTEM FOR REFININGCOGNITIVE INSIGHTS USING TRAVEL-RELATED COGNITIVE GRAPH VECTORS,” whichclaims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/009,626, filed Jun. 9, 2014, entitled “COGNITIVEINFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT,” and U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/091,146, filed Dec. 12, 2014, entitled “SYSTEM FORREFINING COGNITIVE INSIGHTS USING TRAVEL-RELATED COGNITIVE GRAPHVECTORS.” U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 62/009,626 and 62/091,146include exemplary systems and methods and are incorporated by referencein their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates in general to the field of computers andsimilar technologies, and in particular to software utilized in thisfield. Still more particularly, it relates to a system andcomputer-usable medium for using travel-related cognitive graph vectors.

Description of the Related Art

In general, “big data” refers to a collection of datasets so large andcomplex that they become difficult to process using typical databasemanagement tools and traditional data processing approaches. Thesedatasets can originate from a wide variety of sources, includingcomputer systems, mobile devices, credit card transactions, televisionbroadcasts, and medical equipment, as well as infrastructures associatedwith cities, sensor-equipped buildings and factories, and transportationsystems. Challenges commonly associated with big data, which may be acombination of structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data,include its capture, curation, storage, search, sharing, analysis andvisualization. In combination, these challenges make it difficult toefficiently process large quantities of data within tolerable timeintervals.

Nonetheless, big data analytics hold the promise of extracting insightsby uncovering difficult-to-discover patterns and connections, as well asproviding assistance in making complex decisions by analyzing differentand potentially conflicting options. As such, individuals andorganizations alike can be provided new opportunities to innovate,compete, and capture value.

One aspect of big data is “dark data,” which generally refers to datathat is either not collected, neglected, or underutilized. Examples ofdata that is not currently being collected includes location data priorto the emergence of companies such as Foursquare or social data prior tothe advent companies such as Facebook. An example of data that is beingcollected, but is difficult to access at the right time and place,includes data associated with the side effects of certain spider biteswhile on a camping trip. As another example, data that is collected andavailable, but has not yet been productized of fully utilized, mayinclude disease insights from population-wide healthcare records andsocial media feeds. As a result, a case can be made that dark data mayin fact be of higher value than big data in general, especially as itcan likely provide actionable insights when it is combined withreadily-available data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for usingtravel-related cognitive graph vectors.

More specifically, in one embodiment, the invention relates to a systemcomprising: a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and acomputer-usable medium embodying computer program code, thecomputer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus. The computerprogram code is used for refining cognitive insights using cognitivegraph vectors and comprises instructions executable by the processor andconfigured for: storing travel-related data from a plurality of datasources within a cognitive graph; associating a first set of thetravel-related data within the cognitive graph with a firsttravel-related cognitive graph vector of a plurality of travel-relatedcognitive graph vectors; associating a second set of the travel-relateddata within the cognitive graph with a second travel-related cognitivegraph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors;processing the travel-related data from the plurality of data sources toprovide travel-related cognitive insights; and refining thetravel-related cognitive insights based upon a limitation relating toone of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a non-transitory,computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, thecomputer program code comprising computer executable instructionsconfigured for: storing travel-related data from a plurality of datasources within a cognitive graph; associating a first set of thetravel-related data within the cognitive graph with a firsttravel-related cognitive graph vector of a plurality of travel-relatedcognitive graph vectors; associating a second set of the travel-relateddata within the cognitive graph with a second travel-related cognitivegraph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors;processing the travel-related data from the plurality of data sources toprovide travel-related cognitive insights; and refining thetravel-related cognitive insights based upon a limitation relating toone of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be better understood, and its numerousobjects, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in theart by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the samereference number throughout the several figures designates a like orsimilar element.

FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary client computer in which the presentinvention may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a cognitive inference andlearning system (CILS);

FIG. 3 is a simplified process flow diagram of a cognitive insightgeneration operations;

FIG. 4 shows a cognitive cloud defined by a plurality of travel-relatedcognitive graph (CG) vectors;

FIG. 5 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with traveler identity input data;

FIG. 6 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel purpose input data;

FIG. 7 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel date input data;

FIG. 8 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel location input data;

FIG. 9 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel reason input data; and

FIG. 10 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel transport input data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for usingtravel-related cognitive graph (CG) vectors. The present invention maybe a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computerprogram product may include a computer readable storage medium (ormedia) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causinga processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

FIG. 1 is a generalized illustration of an information processing system100 that can be used to implement the system and method of the presentinvention. The information processing system 100 includes a processor(e.g., central processor unit or “CPU”) 102, input/output (I/O) devices104, such as a display, a keyboard, a mouse, and associated controllers,a hard drive or disk storage 106, and various other subsystems 108. Invarious embodiments, the information processing system 100 also includesnetwork port 110 operable to connect to a network 140, which is likewiseaccessible by a service provider server 142. The information processingsystem 100 likewise includes system memory 112, which is interconnectedto the foregoing via one or more buses 114. System memory 112 furthercomprises operating system (OS) 116 and in various embodiments may alsocomprise cognitive inference and learning system (CILS) 118. In theseand other embodiments, the CILS 118 may likewise comprise inventionmodules 120. In one embodiment, the information processing system 100 isable to download the CILS 118 from the service provider server 142. Inanother embodiment, the CILS 118 is provided as a service from theservice provider server 142.

In various embodiments, the CILS 118 is implemented to perform variouscognitive computing operations described in greater detail herein. Asused herein, cognitive computing broadly refers to a class of computinginvolving self-learning systems that use techniques such as spatialnavigation, machine vision, and pattern recognition to increasinglymimic the way the human brain works. To be more specific, earlierapproaches to computing typically solved problems by executing a set ofinstructions codified within software. In contrast, cognitive computingapproaches are data-driven, sense-making, insight-extracting,problem-solving systems that have more in common with the structure ofthe human brain than with the architecture of contemporary,instruction-driven computers.

To further differentiate these distinctions, traditional computers mustfirst be programmed by humans to perform specific tasks, while cognitivesystems learn from their interactions with data and humans alike, and ina sense, program themselves to perform new tasks. To summarize thedifference between the two, traditional computers are designed tocalculate rapidly. Cognitive systems are designed to quickly drawinferences from data and gain new knowledge.

Cognitive systems achieve these abilities by combining various aspectsof artificial intelligence, natural language processing, dynamiclearning, and hypothesis generation to render vast quantities ofintelligible data to assist humans in making better decisions. As such,cognitive systems can be characterized as having the ability to interactnaturally with people to extend what either humans, or machines, coulddo on their own. Furthermore, they are typically able to process naturallanguage, multi-structured data, and experience much in the same way ashumans. Moreover, they are also typically able to learn a knowledgedomain based upon the best available data and get better, and moreimmersive, over time.

It will be appreciated that more data is currently being produced everyday than was recently produced by human beings from the beginning ofrecorded time. Deep within this ever-growing mass of data is a class ofdata known as “dark data,” which includes neglected information, ambientsignals, and insights that can assist organizations and individuals inaugmenting their intelligence and deliver actionable insights throughthe implementation of cognitive applications. As used herein, cognitiveapplications, or “cognitive apps,” broadly refer to cloud-based, bigdata interpretive applications that learn from user engagement and datainteractions. Such cognitive applications extract patterns and insightsfrom dark data sources that are currently almost completely opaque.Examples of such dark data include disease insights from population-widehealthcare records and social media feeds, or new sources ofinformation, such as sensors monitoring pollution in delicate marineenvironments.

Over time, it is anticipated that cognitive applications willfundamentally change the ways in which many organizations operate asthey invert current issues associated with data volume and variety toenable a smart, interactive data supply chain. Ultimately, cognitiveapplications hold the promise of receiving a user query and immediatelyproviding a data-driven answer from a masked data supply chain inresponse. As they evolve, it is likewise anticipated that cognitiveapplications may enable a new class of “sixth sense” applications thatintelligently detect and learn from relevant data and events to offerinsights, predictions and advice rather than wait for commands. Just asweb and mobile applications changed the way people access data,cognitive applications may change the way people listen to, and becomeempowered by, multi-structured data such as emails, social media feeds,doctors notes, transaction records, and call logs.

However, the evolution of such cognitive applications has associatedchallenges, such as how to detect events, ideas, images, and othercontent that may be of interest. For example, assuming that the role andpreferences of a given user are known, how is the most relevantinformation discovered, prioritized, and summarized from large streamsof multi-structured data such as news feeds, blogs, social media,structured data, and various knowledge bases? To further the example,what can a healthcare executive be told about their competitor's marketshare? Other challenges include the creation of acontextually-appropriate visual summary of responses to questions orqueries.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a CILS implemented in accordancewith an embodiment of the invention. In various embodiments, the CILS118 is implemented to incorporate a variety of processes, includingsemantic analysis 202, goal optimization 204, collaborative filtering206, common sense reasoning 208, natural language processing 210,summarization 212, temporal/spatial reasoning 214, and entity resolution216 to generate cognitive insights.

As used herein, semantic analysis 202 broadly refers to performingvarious analysis operations to achieve a semantic level of understandingabout language by relating syntactic structures. In various embodiments,various syntactic structures are related from the levels of phrases,clauses, sentences and paragraphs, to the level of the body of contentas a whole and to its language-independent meaning. In certainembodiments, the semantic analysis 202 process includes processing atarget sentence to parse it into its individual parts of speech, tagsentence elements that are related to predetermined items of interest,identify dependencies between individual words, and perform co-referenceresolution. For example, if a sentence states that the author reallylikes the hamburgers served by a particular restaurant, then the name ofthe “particular restaurant” is co-referenced to “hamburgers.”

As likewise used herein, goal optimization 204 broadly refers toperforming multi-criteria decision making operations to achieve a givengoal or target objective. In various embodiments, one or more goaloptimization 204 processes are implemented by the CILS 118 to definepredetermined goals, which in turn contribute to the generation of acognitive insight. For example, goals for planning a vacation trip mayinclude low cost (e.g., transportation and accommodations), location(e.g., by the beach), and speed (e.g., short travel time). In thisexample, it will be appreciated that certain goals may be in conflictwith another. As a result, a cognitive insight provided by the CILS 118to a traveler may indicate that hotel accommodations by a beach may costmore than they care to spend.

Collaborative filtering 206, as used herein, broadly refers to theprocess of filtering for information or patterns through thecollaborative involvement of multiple agents, viewpoints, data sources,and so forth. The application of such collaborative filtering 206processes typically involves very large and different kinds of datasets, including sensing and monitoring data, financial data, and userdata of various kinds. Collaborative filtering 206 may also refer to theprocess of making automatic predictions associated with predeterminedinterests of a user by collecting preferences or other information frommany users. For example, if person ‘A’ has the same opinion as a person‘B’ for a given issue ‘x’, then an assertion can be made that person ‘A’is more likely to have the same opinion as person ‘B’ opinion on adifferent issue ‘y’ than to have the same opinion on issue ‘y’ as arandomly chosen person. In various embodiments, the collaborativefiltering 206 process is implemented with various recommendation enginesfamiliar to those of skill in the art to make recommendations.

As used herein, common sense reasoning 208 broadly refers to simulatingthe human ability to make deductions from common facts they inherentlyknow. Such deductions may be made from inherent knowledge about thephysical properties, purpose, intentions and possible behavior ofordinary things, such as people, animals, objects, devices, and so on.In various embodiments, common sense reasoning 208 processes areimplemented to assist the CILS 118 in understanding and disambiguatingwords within a predetermined context. In certain embodiments, the commonsense reasoning 208 processes are implemented to allow the CILS 118 togenerate text or phrases related to a target word or phrase to performdeeper searches for the same terms. It will be appreciated that if thecontext of a word is better understood, then a common senseunderstanding of the word can then be used to assist in finding betteror more accurate information. In certain embodiments, this better ormore accurate understanding of the context of a word, and its relatedinformation, allows the CILS 118 to make more accurate deductions, whichare in turn used to generate cognitive insights.

As likewise used herein, natural language processing (NLP) 210 broadlyrefers to interactions with a system, such as the CILS 118, through theuse of human, or natural, languages. In various embodiments, various NLP210 processes are implemented by the CILS 118 to achieve naturallanguage understanding, which enables it to not only derive meaning fromhuman or natural language input, but to also generate natural languageoutput.

Summarization 212, as used herein, broadly refers to processing a set ofinformation, organizing and ranking it, and then generating acorresponding summary. As an example, a news article may be processed toidentify its primary topic and associated observations, which are thenextracted, ranked, and then presented to the user. As another example,summarization operations may be performed on the same news article toidentify individual sentences, rank them, order them, and determinewhich of the sentences are most impactful in describing the article andits content. As yet another example, a structured data record, such as apatient's electronic medical record (EMR), may be processed using thesummarization 212 process to generate sentences and phrases thatdescribes the content of the EMR. In various embodiments, varioussummarization 212 processes are implemented by the CILS 118 to generatesummarizations of content streams, which are in turn used to generatecognitive insights.

As used herein, temporal/spatial reasoning 214 broadly refers toreasoning based upon qualitative abstractions of temporal and spatialaspects of common sense knowledge, derived from common sense reasoningprocesses described in greater detail herein. For example, it is notuncommon for a predetermined set of data to change due to an associatedchange in time or location. Likewise, other attributes, such as itsassociated metadata, may likewise change due to an associated change intime or location. As a result, these changes may affect the context ofthe data. To further the example, the context of asking someone whatthey believe they should be doing at 3:00 in the afternoon during theworkday while they are in their office at work may be quite differentthan asking the same user the same question at 3:00 on a Sundayafternoon when they are relaxing at home in their living room. Invarious embodiments, various temporal/spatial reasoning 214 processesare implemented by the CILS 118 to determine the context of queries, andassociated data, which are in turn used to generate cognitive insights.

As likewise used herein, entity resolution 216 broadly refers to theprocess of finding elements in a set of data that refer to the sameentity across different data sources (e.g., structured, non-structured,streams, devices, etc.), where the target entity does not share a commonidentifier. In various embodiments, the entity resolution 216 process isimplemented by the CILS 118 to identify significant nouns, adjectives,phrases or sentence elements that represent various predeterminedentities within one or more domains. From the foregoing, it will beappreciated that the implementation of one or more of the semanticanalysis 202, goal optimization 204, collaborative filtering 206, commonsense reasoning 208, natural language processing 210, summarization 212,temporal/spatial reasoning 214, and entity resolution 216 processes bythe CILS 118 can facilitate the generation of a semantic, cognitivemodel.

In various embodiments, the CILS 118 receives ambient signals 220,curated data 222, and learned knowledge, which is then processed by theCILS 118 to generate one or more cognitive graphs 226. In turn, the oneor more cognitive graphs 226 are further used by the CILS 118 togenerate cognitive insight streams, which are then delivered to one ormore destinations 230, as described in greater detail herein. In variousembodiments, the destination may include a cognitive application,likewise described in greater detail herein.

As used herein, ambient signals 220 broadly refer to input signals, orother data streams, that may contain data providing additional insightor context to the curated data 222 and learned knowledge 224 received bythe CILS 118. For example, ambient signals may allow the CILS 118 tounderstand that a user is currently using their mobile device, atlocation ‘x’, at time ‘y’, doing activity ‘z’. To further the example,there is a difference between the user using their mobile device whilethey are on an airplane versus using their mobile device after landingat an airport and walking between one terminal and another. To extendthe example even further, ambient signals may add additional context,such as the user is in the middle of a three leg trip and has two hoursbefore their next flight. Further, they may be in terminal A1, but theirnext flight is out of C1, it is lunchtime, and they want to know thebest place to eat. Given the available time the user has, their currentlocation, restaurants that are proximate to their predicted route, andother factors such as food preferences, the CILS 118 can perform variouscognitive operations and provide a recommendation for where the user caneat.

In various embodiments, the curated data 222 may include structured,unstructured, social, public, private, streaming, device or other typesof data described in greater detail herein. In certain embodiments, thelearned knowledge 224 is based upon past observations and feedback fromthe presentation of prior cognitive insight streams and recommendations.In various embodiments, the learned knowledge 224 is provided via afeedback look that provides the learned knowledge 224 in the form of alearning stream of data.

As likewise used herein, a cognitive graph 226 refers to arepresentation of expert knowledge, associated with individuals andgroups over a period of time, to depict relationships between people,places, and things using words, ideas, audio and images. As such, it isa machine-readable formalism for knowledge representation that providesa common framework allowing data and knowledge to be shared and reusedacross user, application, organization, and community boundaries.

In various embodiments, the information contained in, and referenced by,a cognitive graph 226 is derived from many sources (e.g., public,private, social, device), such as curated data 222. In certain of theseembodiments, the cognitive graph 226 assists in the identification andorganization of information associated with how people, places andthings are related to one other. In various embodiments, the cognitivegraph 226 enables automated cognitive agents, described in greaterdetail herein, to access the Web more intelligently, enumerateinferences through utilization of curated, structured data 222, andprovide answers to questions by serving as a computational knowledgeengine.

In certain embodiments, the cognitive graph 226 not only elicits andmaps expert knowledge by deriving associations from data, it alsorenders higher level insights and accounts for knowledge creationthrough collaborative knowledge modeling. In various embodiments, thecognitive graph 226 is a machine-readable, declarative memory systemthat stores and learns both episodic memory (e.g., specific personalexperiences associated with an individual or entity), and semanticmemory, which stores factual information (e.g., geo location of anairport or restaurant).

For example, the cognitive graph 226 may know that a given airport is aplace, and that there is a list of related places such as hotels,restaurants and departure gates. Furthermore, the cognitive graph 226may know that people such as business travelers, families and collegestudents use the airport to board flights from various carriers, eat atvarious restaurants, or shop at certain retail stores. The cognitivegraph 226 may also have knowledge about the key attributes from variousretail rating sites that travelers have used to describe the food andtheir experience at various venues in the airport over the past sixmonths.

In certain embodiments, the cognitive insight stream 228 isbidirectional, and supports flows of information both to and fromdestinations 230. In these embodiments, the first flow is generated inresponse to receiving a query, and subsequently delivered to one or moredestinations 230. The second flow is generated in response to detectinginformation about a user of one or more of the destinations 230. Suchuse results in the provision of information to the CILS 118. Inresponse, the CILS 118 processes that information, in the context ofwhat it knows about the user, and provides additional information to theuser, such as a recommendation. In various embodiments, the cognitiveinsight stream 228 is configured to be provided in a “push” streamconfiguration familiar to those of skill in the art. In certainembodiments, the cognitive insight stream 228 is implemented to usenatural language approaches familiar to skilled practitioners of the artto support interactions with a user. In various embodiments, thedestinations 230 include a cognitive application used by such a user.

In various embodiments, the cognitive insight stream 228 may include astream of visualized insights. As used herein, visualized insightsbroadly refer to cognitive insights that are presented in a visualmanner, such as a map, an infographic, images, and so forth. In certainembodiments, these visualized insights may include various cognitiveinsights, such as “What happened?”, “What do I know about it?”, “What islikely to happen next?”, or “What should I do about it?” In theseembodiments, the cognitive insight stream is generated by variouscognitive agents, which are applied to various sources, datasets, andcognitive graphs. As used herein, a cognitive agent broadly refers to acomputer program that performs a task with minimum specific directionsfrom users and learns from each interaction with data and human users.

In various embodiments, the CILS 118 delivers Cognition as a Service(CaaS). As such, it provides a cloud-based development and executionplatform that allow various cognitive applications and services tofunction more intelligently and intuitively. In certain embodiments,cognitive applications powered by the CILS 118 are able to think andinteract with users as intelligent virtual assistants. As a result,users are able to interact with such cognitive applications by askingthem questions and giving them commands. In response, these cognitiveapplications will be able to assist the user in completing tasks andmanaging their work more efficiently.

In these and other embodiments, the CILS 118 can operate as an analyticsplatform to process big data, and dark data as well, to provide dataanalytics through a public, private or hybrid cloud environment. As usedherein, cloud analytics broadly refers to a service model wherein datasources, data models, processing applications, computing power, analyticmodels, and sharing or storage of results are implemented within a cloudenvironment to perform one or more aspects of analytics.

In various embodiments, users submit queries and computation requests ina natural language format to the CILS 118. In response, they areprovided with a ranked list of relevant answers and aggregatedinformation with useful links and pertinent visualizations through agraphical representation. In these embodiments, the cognitive graph 226generates semantic and temporal maps to reflect the organization ofunstructured data and to facilitate meaningful learning from potentiallymillions of lines of text, much in the same way as arbitrary syllablesstrung together create meaning through the concept of language.

FIG. 3 is a simplified process flow diagram of a cognitive insightgeneration operations performed in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. In various embodiments, cognitive insight operations may beperformed in various phases. In this embodiment, these phases include adata lifecycle 340 phase, a learning 338 phase, and anapplication/insight composition 340 phase.

In the data lifecycle 336 phase, a predetermined cognitive platform 310instantiation sources social data 312, public data 314, licensed data316, and proprietary data 318 from various sources. For example, theproprietary data 318 may include privately-owned data, such as anairline's frequent flier information that is only used internally to theairline. In various embodiments, the cognitive platform 310instantiation includes a CILS, such as the CILS 118 shown in FIGS. 1 and2. In these and other embodiments, the cognitive platform 310instantiation includes a source 306 component, a process 308 component,a deliver 310 component, a cleanse 320 component, an enrich 322component, a filter/transform 324 component, and a repair/reject 326component. Likewise, as shown in FIG. 3, the process 308 componentincludes a repository of models 328. As used herein, models 328 broadlyrefer to machine learning models. In certain embodiments, the modelsinclude one or more statistical models.

In various embodiments, the process 308 component is implemented toperform various cognitive insight generation and other processingoperations. In these embodiments, the process 308 component isimplemented to interact with the source 306 component, which in turn isimplemented to perform various data sourcing operations familiar tothose of skill in the art. In various embodiments, the sourcingoperations are performed by one or more sourcing agents. In theseembodiments, the sourcing agents are implemented to source a variety ofmulti-site, multi-structured source streams of data. In certainembodiments, the sourcing agents may include a batch upload agent, anApplication Program Interface (API) connectors agent, a real-timestreams agent, a Structured Query Language (SQL)/Not Only SQL (NoSQL)databases agent, a message engines agent, and one or more customsourcing agents. Skilled practitioners of the art will realize thatother types of sourcing agents may be used in various embodiments andthe foregoing is not intended to limit the spirit, scope or intent ofthe invention.

The resulting sourced data is then provided to the process 308component. In turn, the process 308 component is implemented to interactwith the cleanse 320 component, which in turn is implemented to performvarious data cleansing operations familiar to those of skill in the art.As an example, the cleanse 320 component may perform data normalizationor pruning operations, likewise known to skilled practitioners of theart. In certain embodiments, the cleanse 320 component may beimplemented to interact with the repair/reject 326 component, which inturn is implemented to perform various data repair or data rejectionoperations known to those of skill in the art.

Once data cleansing, repair and rejection operations are completed, theprocess 308 component is implemented to interact with the enrich 322component, which is implemented to perform various data enrichmentoperations familiar to those of skill in the art. As an example, a datastream may be sourced from Associated Press® by a sourcing agent. Theenrich 322 component may then enrich the data stream by performingsentiment analysis, geotagging, and entity detection operations togenerate an enriched data stream. In certain embodiments, the enrichmentoperations may include filtering operations familiar to skilledpractitioners of the art. To further the preceding example, theAssociated Press® data stream may be filtered by a predeterminedgeography attribute to generate an enriched data stream.

Once data enrichment operations have been completed, the process 308component is likewise implemented to interact with the filter/transform324, which in turn is implemented to perform data filtering andtransformation operations familiar to those of skill in the art. Invarious embodiments, the process 308 component is implemented togenerate various models, described in greater detail herein, which arestored in the repository of models 328. The process 308 component islikewise implemented in various embodiments use the sourced data togenerate one or more cognitive graphs 226, as described in greaterdetail herein. In various embodiments, the process 308 component isimplemented to gain an understanding of the data sourced from thesources of social data 312, public data 314, licensed data 316, andproprietary data 318, which assist in the automated generation of thecognitive graph 226.

The process 308 component is likewise implemented in various embodimentsto perform bridging 346 operations. In these and other embodiments, thebridging 346 operations may be performed to provide domain-specificresponses when bridging a translated query to a cognitive graph. Forexample, the same query bridged to a target cognitive graph 226 mayresult in different answers for different domains, dependent upondomain-specific bridging operations performed to access the cognitivegraph 226.

In certain embodiments, the bridging 346 operations are performed bybridging agents. In these embodiments, the bridging agent interprets atranslated query generated by the user query 342 within a predetermineduser context, and then maps it to predetermined nodes and links within atarget cognitive graph 226. In various embodiments, the cognitive graph226 is accessed by the process 308 component during the learning 336phase of the cognitive insight generation operations.

In various embodiments, a cognitive application 304 is implemented toreceive user input, such as a user query 342, which is then submittedduring the application/insight composition 840 phase to a graph queryengine 326. In turn, the graph query engine 326 processes the user query342 to generate a graph query 344. The graph query 344 is then used toquery the cognitive graph 226, which results in the generation of one ormore cognitive insights. In various embodiments, the process 308component is implemented to provide these cognitive insights to thedeliver 310, which in turn is implemented to deliver the cognitiveinsights in the form of a visual data summary 348 to the cognitiveapplication 304. In various embodiments, learning operations areiteratively performed during the learning 338 phase to provide moreaccurate and useful cognitive insights.

In various embodiments, the cognitive insight generation operations areperformed to generate travel-related cognitive insights. In theseembodiments the social data 312, public data 314, licensed data 316, andproprietary data 318 sourced from various sources may containtravel-related data. For example, the licensed data 316 may be ticketsale information from Sojurn®, weather data from Weather Underground®,Weather.com®, and so forth. Likewise, public data 314 may be Departmentof Transportation (DOT), Bureau of Transportation Services (BTS), oron-time arrival information provided by various airlines. Proprietarydata 318 may likewise include privately-owned data, such as an airline'sfrequent flier information that is only used internally to the airline.

In various embodiments, the cognitive platform 310 instantiation isimplemented to process this travel-related data, and other associateddata, to generate travel-related cognitive insights. In these and otherembodiments, the travel-related cognitive insights may be provided to auser as a travel-related suggestion. As an example, a user may provide atravel-related user query 342 to a travel website, such asTripAdvisor.com®. In this example, the cognitive insight generationoperations are performed to provide an enhanced cognitive search of thetravel website to find a preferred destination, for a specific timeframe, for the user. To extend the example, the travel-related userquery 342 may not be in the form of a traditional query. Instead, theuser may submit a statement, such as, “I want to go on a vacation withmy family, to the beach, in Florida, in July.” or possibly, “I want togo to Utah in May on a mountain biking trip.” To extend the examplefurther, the user may also state, “I want to use my frequent flier milesfor airline travel and my awards program points for my accommodations.”

In various embodiments, a user query 342 that includes such statementsis processed by the graph query engine 326 to generate one or moretravel-related graph queries 344. In these embodiments, thesetravel-related graph queries 344 are implemented to understand conceptslike destinations, travel-related activities, and purpose of travel.Examples of such concepts include the difference between a honeymoon anda business trip, time frames that are related to travel (e.g., flightsegments, time zones, etc.), and various recreational venues.

The resulting graph queries 344 are then used to query a travel-relatedinstantiation of the cognitive graph 226, which in turn results in thegeneration of one or more travel-related cognitive insights. In certaininstances of these embodiments, the cognitive graph 226 containstravel-related data, such as locations, hotels, prices, promotions, andso forth. In various embodiments, the deliver 310 component isimplemented to provide the travel-related cognitive insights in the formof a visual data summary 348. As an example, the visual data summary 348may be provided to the user as a travel review. In various embodiments,the visual data summary 348 may be provided to a predetermineddestination associated with the user. In these embodiments, thedestination may be a mobile application, an alert, a businessintelligence application, a statistical tool, a third party application,a marketplace, or an API.

FIG. 4 shows a cognitive cloud defined by a plurality of travel-relatedCG vectors implemented in accordance with an embodiment of theinvention. In various embodiments, the cognitive graph 402 containstravel-related data received from various data sources described ingreater detail herein. In this embodiment, the cumulative data domainrepresented by a cognitive graph 402 is defined by a plurality oftravel-related CG vectors V1 “Who” 404, V2 “Where” 406, V3 “How” 408, V4“When” 410, V5 “What” 412 and V6 “Why” 414, each of which extends from aCG nexus 438. In various embodiments, each of the travel-related CGvectors V1 “Who” 404, V2 “Where” 406, V3 “How” 408, V4 “When” 410, V5“What” 412 and V6 “Why” 414 is associated with a predetermined set oftravel-related data within the cognitive graph 402. As an example,individual nodes within the cognitive graph 402 may represent travelers,locations, modes of transportation, activities and so forth. In theseand other embodiments, the cognitive graph 402 may be defined byadditional travel-related CG vectors than those shown in FIG. 4. Incertain embodiments, the cognitive graph 402 may be defined by fewertravel-related CG vectors than those shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 4, each of the travel-related CG vectors V1 “Who” 404,V2 “Where” 406, V3 “How” 408, V4 “When” 410, V5 “What” 412 and V6 “Why”414 includes a plurality of CG vector indices 436 corresponding topredetermined attributes associated with the data domain represented bythe cognitive graph 402. In various embodiments, the magnitude of the CGvector indices 436 is substantially similar. In certain embodiments, themagnitude of the CG vector indices 436 is different.

For example, the CG vector indices 436 associated with thetravel-related CG vector V1 “Who” 404 may include personal pronouns, thenumber of travelers, the genders of individual travelers, and the agesof the individual travelers. Likewise, the CG vector indices 436associated with the travel-related CG vector V2 “Where” 406 may includecontinent, country, state, city, and village. To continue the example,the CG vector indices 436 associated with the travel-related CG vectorV3 “How” 408 may only include by what means the travel will beaccomplished, while the CG vector indices 436 associated with thetravel-related CG vector V4 “When” 410 may include year, season, month,and days. Likewise, the CG vector indices 436 respectively associatedwith travel-related CG vectors V5 “What” 412 and V6 “Why” 414 may onlyinclude the basis or purpose of the trip and the thing(s) a person orgroup may do while on the trip.

In various embodiments, the specificity of the CG vector indices 436increases as they become more proximate to the CG nexus 438. Forexample, the CG vector indices 436 of “village” and “continent”associated with the travel-related CG vector V2 “Where” 406 arerespectively more and less specific classifications of a location.Skilled practitioners of the art will recognize that many embodimentsand examples of the CG vector indices 436 are possible and the foregoingis not intended to limit the spirit, scope or intent of the invention.

In various embodiments, CG vector parameters V1P 424, V2P 426, V3P 428,V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 correspond to user input values, which areused as described in greater detail herein to generate one or morecognitive insights. In various embodiments, the resulting cognitiveinsights are provided to a user as a travel-related suggestion. In theseembodiments, the selected CG vector parameters V1P 424, V2P 426, V3P428, V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 likewise correspond to theirrespective CG vector indices 436.

In various embodiments, the selected CG vector parameters V1P 424, V2P426, V3P 428, V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 define a portion 440 of thecognitive graph 226 used to generate a cognitive insight. As an example,as shown in FIG. 4, the selected CG vector parameters V1P 424, V2P 426,V3P 428, V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 are at the depicted extremities oftheir respective travel-related CG vectors V1 “Who” 404, V2 “Where” 406,V3 “How” 408, V4 “When” 410, V5 “What” 412 and V6 “Why” 414. As such, asubstantive portion 440 of the cognitive graph 226 is used to generatethe cognitive insight.

In various embodiments, the resulting cognitive insight is provided as atravel-related suggestion, which corresponds to the CG nexus 438. Incertain embodiments, the CG nexus 438 includes a plurality oftravel-related suggestions. In various embodiments, the specificity ofthe travel-related suggestions may respectively increase or decreaserelative to the specificity of the CG nexus 438. In these embodiments,the specificity of the CG nexus 438 corresponds to the selected CGvector parameters V1P 424, V2P 426, V3P 428, V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P434.

FIG. 5 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with traveler identity input dataimplemented in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In thisembodiment, a statement such as “I want to travel with my 34 year-oldwife and my 15 month-old baby boy.” is received as traveler identityinput data from a user. The travel identity input data is thenprocessed, as described in greater detail herein, to determine the CGvector parameter V1P 524 associated with the travel-related CG vector V1“Who” 404. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the CG vector parameter V1P524 corresponds to the number, genders, and ages of the travelers.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V1P 524 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. For example, the fact that a married couple wouldbe traveling with a young child may imply that travel by air, rail orautomobile would be more appropriate than other methods, such as bymotorcycle or bicycle. Likewise, it may be inferred that the basis orpurpose of the trip would be a vacation, as business travel was notreferenced in the travel-related user input. To further the example, itis generally preferable to limit transit times when traveling with youngchildren. As a result, it may be initially inferred that the destinationof the trip would be a domestic city instead of an internationaldestination. Likewise, since a specific time was not referenced in thetravel-related user input, it may initially be inferred that the travelwould take place in months typically associated with family vacations,and by extension, activities typically associated with family vacations.

These initial cognitive insights would then be used to establish theinitial values of CG vector parameters V2P 526, V3P 528, V4P 530, V5P532 and V6P 534, which used in conjunction with the CG vector parameterV1P 524 would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402. This portionof the cognitive cloud 402 would then be used to generate additionalcognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions. In variousembodiments, the provision of such travel-related suggestions to a usermay result in the provision of additional travel-related user input. Inthese embodiments, the additional travel-related user input is processedto generate additional cognitive insights, which in turn are used toiteratively adjust the CG vector parameters V1P 424, V2P 426, V3P 428,V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 accordingly. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that the iterative adjustment of the CG vector parameters V1P424, V2P 426, V3P 428, V4P 430, V5P 432 and V6P 434 will redefine theportion of the cognitive cloud 402 used to generate subsequent cognitiveinsights, such as travel-related suggestions for a family vacation.

FIG. 6 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel purpose input data implementedin accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, astatement such as “I want to take a ski trip.” is received as travelpurpose input data from a user. The travel purpose input data is thenprocessed, as described in greater detail herein, to determine the CGvector parameter V5P 632 associated with the travel-related CG vector V5“What” 412. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the CG vector parameter V5P632 is proximate to the CG nexus 438, indicating that the activity ofskiing had greater degree of specificity that a more general activity,such as sightseeing or shopping.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V5P 632 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. For example, the fact that skiing is the purpose ofthe trip may imply that travel by air, combined with a shuttle serviceto a ski resort, may take less time and be more convenient than othermethods of transportation, such as by automobile, which may be impededby inclement weather. Furthermore, skiing is typically only possibleduring certain months of the year, which assists in making an inferenceassociated with which months of the year are best suited for ski trips.Likewise, it can be inferred that skiing is the primary activity duringthe trip, further reinforcing the inference that lodging at a ski resortmay be appropriate. Further, since ski resorts are typically locatedwithin driving range of a city, it can be inferred that an initialdestination would be a city, especially if the city had an airport.Conversely, it is difficult to infer from the travel-related inputstatement the identity of the user, the number of travelers, or theirrespective genders or ages.

These initial cognitive insights would then be used to establish theinitial values of CG vector parameters V1P 624, V2P 626, V3P 628, V4P630 and V6P 634, which used in conjunction with the CG vector parameterV5P 632 would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402. This portionof the cognitive cloud 402 would then be used to generate additionalcognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions for a ski trip.

FIG. 7 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel date input data implemented inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, astatement such as “I want to take a trip between July 2nd and 20th.” isreceived as travel date input data from a user. The travel date inputdata is then processed, as described in greater detail herein, todetermine the CG vector parameter V4P 730 associated with thetravel-related CG vector V4 “When” 410. For example, as shown in FIG. 7,the CG vector parameter V4P 730 is proximate to the CG nexus 438,indicating that the specified dates have a greater degree of specificitythat a more general date, such as a month or season.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V4P 730 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. For example, the specified date range may restrictthe possible locations or activities that may be available. To continuethe example, a music festival may be scheduled to occur during thespecified date range in a predetermined city, which limits the choice ofboth activities and locations. Furthermore, since identity and otherinformation associated with the user is not available, nor how they wishto travel or why, the initial values of CG vector parameters V1P 724,V3P 728 and V6P 634 are at the extremities of their respective CGvectors V1 “Who” 404, V3 “How” 408 and V6 “Why” 414.

These initial cognitive insights would then be used to establish theinitial values of CG vector parameters V1P 724, V2P 726, V3P 728, V5P732 and V6P 734, which used in conjunction with the CG vector parameterV4P 730 would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402. This portionof the cognitive cloud 402 would then be used to generate additionalcognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions for a trip duringthe specified date range.

FIG. 8 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel location input data implementedin accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, astatement such as “I want to take a trip to Malibu, Calif.” is receivedas travel location input data from a user. The travel location inputdata is then processed, as described in greater detail herein, todetermine the CG vector parameter V2P 826 associated with thetravel-related CG vector V2 “Where” 406. For example, as shown in FIG.8, the CG vector parameter V2P 826 is proximate to the CG nexus 438,indicating that the specified location of Malibu has a greater degree ofspecificity that a more general location, such as a the city of LosAngeles or the state of California.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V2P 826 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. For example, Malibu has a temperate climate most ofthe year, so the trip to Malibu could occur in several different months,or even different seasons. Likewise, there are multiple activitiesspanning a multitude of interests that can be enjoyed in Malibu duringthose months. Further inferences can be made about the method of travelto Malibu as it may be most easily accessed via automobile or by boat ifthe traveler is local. For example, the traveler may be traveling fromSan Diego. However, if the traveler is traveling from out of state, thenthey may be traveling by air or automobile. Likewise, since Malibu isconsidered more of a vacation or leisure destination, it can be inferredthat the purpose of the trip is more likely for pleasure than business.Furthermore, since the identity and other information associated withthe user is not available, the initial values of the CG vector parameterV1P 824 is at the extremity of the CG vector V1 “Who” 404.

These initial cognitive insights would then be used to establish theinitial values of CG vector parameters V1P 824, V3P 828, V4P 830, V5P832 and V6P 834, which used in conjunction with the CG vector parameterV2P 826 would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402. This portionof the cognitive cloud 402 would then be used to generate additionalcognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions for a trip toMalibu, Calif.

FIG. 9 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel reason input data implementedin accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, astatement such as “I want to take a romantic getaway.” is received astravel reason input data from a user. The travel reason input data isthen processed, as described in greater detail herein, to determine theCG vector parameter V6P 934 associated with the travel-related CG vectorV6 “Why” 414. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the CG vector parameterV6P 934 is proximate to the CG nexus 438, indicating that the specifiedreason for the travel has a greater degree of specificity than a moregeneral reason, such as sightseeing.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V6P 934 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. For example, the specified reason for the trip mayrestrict the possible locations or activities that may be available. Tofurther the example, a location such as a seaside resort may beconsidered more romantic than a large city. Likewise, a quaint bed andbreakfast may be considered more suitable lodging for a romantic getawaythan a luxury hotel with hundreds of rooms. Further, certain activities,such as horseback rides on a beach, may be considered more romantic thanvisiting a natural history museum. Likewise, romantic activities aretypically associated with certain seasons instead of particular days,months or years. However, as shown in FIG. 9, the identity and otherinformation associated with the user is not available, nor how they wishto travel. As a result, the initial values of CG vector parameters V1P924 and V3P 928 are at the extremities of their respective CG vectors V1“Who” 404 and V3 “How” 408.

These initial cognitive insights would then be used to establish theinitial values of CG vector parameters V1P 924, V2P 926, V3P 928, V4P930 and V5P 932, which used in conjunction with the CG vector parameterV6P 934 would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402. This portionof the cognitive cloud 402 would then be used to generate additionalcognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions for a romanticgetaway trip.

FIG. 10 shows a portion of a cognitive cloud defined by a set of CGvector parameters associated with travel transport input dataimplemented in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In thisembodiment, a statement such as “I only want to travel by air.” isreceived as travel transport input data from a user. The traveltransport input data is then processed, as described in greater detailherein, to determine the CG vector parameter V3P 1028 associated withthe travel-related CG vector V3 “How” 408. For example, as shown in FIG.10, the CG vector parameter V3P 1028 is proximate to the CG nexus 438,indicating that limiting travel transport to air travel has a greaterdegree of specificity than a more general specification, such as notspecifying a particular mode of transportation.

In this embodiment, the CG vector parameter V3P 1028 is used to generateinitial cognitive insights from travel-related data contained in thecognitive graph 402. However, limiting travel transport to air travelresults in a reduced number of travel-related cognitive insights,depicted by the initial values of CG vector parameters V1P 1024, V2P1026, V4P 1030, V5P 1032 and V6P 1034 being at the extremities of theirrespective CG vectors V1 “Who” 404, V2 “Where” 406, V4 “When” 410, V5“What” 412 and V6 “Why” 414. These initial CG vector parameter values,in conjunction with the previously established CG vector parameter V6P1034, would define a portion of the cognitive cloud 402 used to generateadditional cognitive insights, such as travel-related suggestions for atraveling by air travel.

Although the present invention has been described in detail, it shouldbe understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can bemade hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventionas defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a processor; a data bus coupled to the processor; and a computer-usable medium embodying computer program code, the computer-usable medium being coupled to the data bus, the computer program code used for refining cognitive insights using cognitive graph vectors and comprising instructions executable by the processor and configured for: storing travel-related data from a plurality of data sources within a cognitive graph; associating a first set of the travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a first travel-related cognitive graph vector of a plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; associating a second set of the travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a second travel-related cognitive graph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; processing the travel-related data from the plurality of data sources to provide travel-related cognitive insights; and refining the travel-related cognitive insights based upon a limitation relating to one of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors.
 2. The system of claim 2, wherein: the first travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices extending along the first cognitive graph vector away from a cognitive graph nexus; the second travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of second cognitive graph vector indices extending along the second travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the limitation comprises limiting the first set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a first certain index of the plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices; and the refining comprising limiting the second set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a second certain index of the second cognitive graph vector indices.
 3. The system of claim 2, further comprising: associating a third set of travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a third travel-related cognitive graph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; and, wherein the refining of the travel-related cognitive insights based upon the limitation relating to one of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors further comprises identifying a limitation on one of the first, second and third travel-related cognitive graph vectors and refining another of the first, second and third travel-related cognitive graph vectors based upon the limitation of one of the first, second and third cognitive travel-related graph vectors.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein: the first travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices extending along the first travel-related cognitive graph vector away from a cognitive graph nexus; the second travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of second cognitive graph vector indices extending along the second travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the third travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of third cognitive graph vector indices extending along the third travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the limitation comprises limiting the first set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a first certain index of the plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices; the refining comprising limiting the second set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a second certain index of the second cognitive graph vector indices and travel-related data within a third set of travel-related data; and the refining further comprising limiting the third set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a third certain index of the third cognitive graph vector indices.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein: at least some of the first cognitive graph vector indices, second cognitive graph vector indices and third vector graph indices are different magnitudes.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein: at least some of the first cognitive graph vector indices, second cognitive graph vector indices and third vector graph indices are substantially similar magnitudes.
 7. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium embodying computer program code, the computer program code comprising computer executable instructions configured for: storing travel-related data from a plurality of data sources within a cognitive graph; associating a first set of the travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a first travel-related cognitive graph vector of a plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; associating a second set of the travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a second travel-related cognitive graph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; processing the travel-related data from the plurality of data sources to provide travel-related cognitive insights; and refining the travel-related cognitive insights based upon a limitation relating to one of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors.
 8. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein: the first travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices extending along the first travel-related cognitive graph vector away from a cognitive graph nexus; the second travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of second cognitive graph vector indices extending along the second travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the limitation comprises limiting the first set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a first certain index of the plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices; and the refining comprising limiting the second set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a second certain index of the second cognitive graph vector indices.
 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, further comprising: associating a third set of travel-related data within the cognitive graph with a third travel-related cognitive graph vector of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors; and, wherein the refining of the travel-related cognitive insights based upon the limitation relating to one of the plurality of travel-related cognitive graph vectors further comprises identifying a limitation on one of the first, second and third travel-related cognitive graph vectors and refining another of the first, second and third travel-related cognitive graph vectors based upon the limitation of one of the first, second and third travel-related cognitive graph vectors.
 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein: the first travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices extending along the first travel-related cognitive graph vector away from a cognitive graph nexus; the second travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of second cognitive graph vector indices extending along the second travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the third travel-related cognitive graph vector comprises a plurality of third cognitive graph vector indices extending along the third travel-related cognitive graph vector away from the cognitive graph nexus; the limitation comprises limiting the first set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a first certain index of the plurality of first cognitive graph vector indices; the refining comprising limiting the second set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a second certain index of the second cognitive graph vector indices and data within a third set or travel-related data; and the refining further comprising limiting the third set of travel-related data to travel-related data within a third certain index of the third cognitive graph vector indices.
 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein: at least some of the first cognitive graph vector indices, second cognitive graph vector indices and third vector graph indices are different magnitudes.
 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein: at least some of the first cognitive graph vector indices, second cognitive graph vector indices and third vector graph indices are substantially similar magnitudes.
 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the computer executable instructions are deployable to a client system from a server system at a remote location.
 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 7, wherein the computer executable instructions are provided by a service provider to a user on an on-demand basis. 